List of psychoactive plants

2010-07-06T05:23:39Z

Nezahualcoyotl: Created page with '''[[Salvia divinorum'']] This is a list of plants (flora) which contain psychoactive drugs. Psychoactive pl...'

[[Image:Salvia divinorum - Herba de Maria.jpg|thumb|220px|right|''[[Salvia divinorum]]'']]

This is a list of plants (flora) which contain [[psychoactive drugs]]. Psychoactive plants have been used traditionally for thousands of years by human cultures all around the world and many play a significant role in society. This list covers plants which are potentially psychoactive, while the ''[[list of entheogens]]'' covers plants which are known to be traditionally used as entheogens or psychoactives.

==Psychoactive Flora by Family==

===''[[Acanthaceae]]''===
*''[[Fittonia albivenis]]'', a common ornamental plant from South America. The plant has unknown compounds, that reportedly cause "visions of eyeballs." It is also useful in the treatment of headaches, etc.
*''[[Justicia pectoralis]]''<ref>[http://www.serendipity.li/dmt/hoasca.html Ayahuasca Analogues]</ref>

===''[[Acoraceae]]''===
*''[[Acorus calamus]]'', [[asarone]]

===''[[Aizoaceae]]''===
*''[[Delosperma acuminatum]]''- DMT, 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred">[http://www.entheogen.com/component/option,com_docman/task,doc_download/gid,6/Itemid,42/ Trouts Notes on Sacred Cacti]</ref>
*''[[Delosperma cooperi]]'' - DMT, 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
*''[[Delosperma ecklonis]]'' - DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
*''[[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]'' - DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
*''[[Delosperma hallii]]'' - 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
*''[[Delosperma harazianum]]'' - DMT, 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
*''Delosperma harazianum'' - Shibam, DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
*''[[Delosperma hirtum]]'' - DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
*''Delosperma hallii aff. litorale''
*''[[Delosperma lydenbergense]]'' - DMT, 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
*''[[Delosperma nubigenum]]'' - 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
*''[[Delosperma pageanum]]'' - DMT, 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
*''[[Delosperma pergamentaceum]]'' - Traces of DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
*''[[Delosperma tradescantioides]]'' - DMT<ref name="sacred"/>

<gallery>
Image:Delosperma cooperi1.jpg|''[[Delosperma cooperi]]''
Image:M. Delosperma lydenbergense flower.JPG|''[[Delosperma lydenbergense]]''
Image:Delosperma nubigenum.jpg|''[[Delosperma nubigenum]]''
</gallery>

''[[Sceletium tortuosum]]'' or "Kanna" has been used by South African pastoralists and hunter-gatherers as a mood-altering substance from prehistoric times.

===''[[Apocynaceae]]''===
*''[[Tabernanthe iboga]]'' - Ibogaine in root bark<ref name="ibogaine-tihkal">[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal25.shtml Tihkal]</ref>
*''[[Trachelospermum jasminoides]]'' - Ibogaine<ref>[http://www.giftpflanzen.com/trachelospermum_jasminoides.html ''Trachelospermum jasminoides'' (www.giftpflanzen.com)]</ref>
*''[[Catharanthus roseus]]'' is (perhaps unpleasantly) "hallucinogenic."<ref>[http://sliceoftheday.wordpress.com/2007/05/13/madagascar-periwinkle-catharanthus-roseus/ ''Catharanthus roseus'']</ref>
*''[[Prestonia amazonica]]'': DMT<ref>[http://paranoia.lycaeum.org/psychedelics/tryptamines/dmt.info Profiles of Psychedelic Drugs]</ref>
*''[[Vinca minor]]''

<gallery>
Image:Iboga.jpg|''[[Tabernanthe iboga]]''
Image:Confederate Jasmine, Star Jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides).jpg|''[[Trachelospermum jasminoides]]''
</gallery>

===''[[Aquifoliaceae]]''===
*''[[Ilex guayusa]]'', which is used as an additive to some versions of Ayahuasca. According to the Ecuadorian indigenous, it is also slightly hallucinogenic on its own, when drunk in high enough quantities.
*''[[Ilex paraguariensis]]'' which is also known as "Yerba Mate"...
*''[[Ilex vomitoria]]'' or "Yaupon Holly" is ...

and some other hollies are used as tea substitute stimulants!

===''[[Asteraceae]]''(Compositae)===
*''[[Artemisia vulgaris]]'' - [[Thujone]]
*''[[Calea zacatechichi]]'' - Produces vivid dreams after smoking. It is also employed by the Chontal people as a medicinal herb against gastrointestinal disorders, and is used as an appetizer, cathartic anti-dysentery remedy, and as a fever-reducing agent.
*''[[Lactuca virosa]]'' - [[Lactucarium]]
*''[[Tagetes lucida]]'' - [[Anethole]], [[Chavicol]], [[Coumarin]], [[Estragole]], [[Isorhamnetin]], [[Methyleugenol]], [[Quercitin]]

<gallery>
Image:ArtemisiaVulgaris.jpg|''[[Artemisia vulgaris]]''
Image:Calea zacatechichi cutting.jpg|''[[Calea zacatechichi]]''
Image:Koeh-213.jpg|''[[Lactuca virosa]]''
Image:Tagetes lucida flower.jpg|''[[Tagetes lucida]]''
</gallery>

===''[[Cactaceae]]''===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| '''Species''' || '''Alkaloid Content (Fresh)''' ||'''Alkaloid Content (Dried)'''
|-
| ''[[Echinopsis lageniformis]]''(syn. ''Trichocereus bridgesii'') || [[Mescaline]] > 0.025%,<ref name="the nook">http://www.thenook.org/archives/tek/alklist.htm</ref> also 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine < 1%, 3-methoxytyramine < 1%, tyramine < 1% ||2%<ref>[http://www.a1b2c3.com/drugs/var014.htm Trichocereus]</ref>
|-
|''[[Echinopsis pachanoi]]''(syn. ''Trichocereus pachanoi'') || Mescaline 0.006-0.12%, 0.05% Average<ref name="netfirms" /> || Mescaline 0.01%-2.375%<ref name="netfirms" />
|-
| ''[[Echinopsis spachiana]]''(syn. ''Trichocereus spachianus'') || Mescaline<ref name="mesc">[http://users.lycaeum.org/~iamklaus/botany.htm# Visionary Cactus Guide]</ref> || Mescaline<ref name="mesc"/>
|-
| ''[[Lophophora williamsii]]''(Peyote) || 0.4% Mescaline<ref name="guide">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/cacti/cacti_guide/cacti_guide_lophopho.shtml Erowid]</ref> || 3-6% Mescaline<ref name="mesc"/>
|-
| ''[[Opuntia acanthocarpa]]'' || Mescaline<ref name="mesc">[http://users.lycaeum.org/~iamklaus/opuntia.htm Lycaeum]</ref> ||
|-
| ''[[Opuntia basilaris]]'' || Mescaline 0.01%, plus 4-hydroxy-3-5<br>-dimethoxyphenethylamine<ref name="mesc"/> ||
|-
| ''[[Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica]]''(syn. ''Opuntia cylindrica'')<ref>[http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Cactaceae/Opuntia_cylindrica.html ''Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica'' (http://www.desert-tropicals.com) ]</ref> || Mescaline<ref name="mesc"/> ||
|-
| ''[[Cylindropuntia echinocarpa]]''(syn. ''Opuntia echinocarpa'') || Mescaline 0.01%, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine 0.01%, 4-hydroxy-3-5-dimethoxyphenethylamine 0.01%<ref name="mesc"/> ||
|-
| ''[[Cylindropuntia spinosior]]''(syn. ''Opuntia spinosior'')<ref>[http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Cactaceae/Opuntia_spinosior.html ''Cylindropuntia spinosior'' (www.desert-tropicals.com)]</ref> || Mescaline 0.00004%, 3-methoxytyramine 0.001%, tyramine 0.002%, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine.<ref name="mesc"/> ||
|-
| ''[[Echinopsis macrogona]]''(syn. ''Trichocereus macrogonus'')|| > 0.01-0.05% Mescaline<ref name="nook2">[http://www.thenook.org/archives/tek/alklist.htm Partial List of Alkaloids in Trichocereus Cacti]</ref> ||
|-
| ''[[Echinopsis peruviana]]''(syn. ''Trichocereus peruvianus'')|| Mescaline 0.0005%-0.12%<ref name="netfirms">[http://entheogen.netfirms.com/articles/articles/Narcotic_Cacti.html Forbidden Fruit Archives]</ref> ||Mescaline
|-
| ''[[Echinopsis tacaquirensis]]''subsp. ''taquimbalensis''(syn. ''Trichocereus taquimbalensis'')<ref>[http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Cactaceae/Echinopsis_taquimb.html Echinopsis tacaquirensis ssp. taquimbalensis]</ref>|| > 0.005-0.025% Mescaline<ref name="nook2"/> ||
|-
| ''[[Echinopsis terscheckii]]''(syn. ''Trichocereus terscheckii'', ''Trichocereus werdemannianus'')<ref>[http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Cactaceae/Echinopsis_terscheckii.html www.desert-tropicals.com]</ref>|| > 0.005-0.025% Mescaline<ref name="nook2"/> || Mescaline 0.01%-2.375%<ref name="netfirms" />
|-
| ''[[Echinopsis valida]]''|| 0.025% Mescaline<ref name="guide">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/cacti/cacti_guide/cacti_guide_lophopho.shtml Lycaeum]</ref> ||
|-
| ''[[Pelecyphora aselliformis]]''|| Mescaline<ref name="guide">[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pelecyphora_aselliformis Lycaeum]</ref> ||
|}

<gallery>
Image:Echinopsis-pachanoi-close-up.jpg|''[[Echinopsis pachanoi]]''
Image:Lightmatter cactusflower.jpg|''[[Echinopsis spachiana]]''
Image:Peyote Cactus.jpg|''[[Lophophora williamsii]]''
Image:Opuntia acanthocarpa.jpg|''[[Opuntia acanthocarpa]]''
Image:Opuntia basilaris form.jpg|''[[Opuntia basilaris]]''
Image:Cylindropuntia echinocarpa 2.jpg|''[[Cylindropuntia echinocarpa]]'' (syn. ''Opuntia echinocarpa'')
Image:E.macrogona.png|''[[Echinopsis macrogona]]''
Image:KK242 Vs Standard Peruvian Torch.jpg|''[[Echinopsis peruviana]]''
Image:Echinopsis terscheckii 5.jpg|''[[Echinopsis terscheckii]]''
</gallery>

===''[[Cannabaceae]]''===
[[Image:Cannabis flowering.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Cannabis plant]]

{{Main|Cannabis (drug)}}
Cannabis (Marijuana) is a popular psychedelic plant. Cannabis is also unique in that it contains a psychedelic substance, [[THC]], which contains no nitrogen and is not an [[indole]], [[phenethylamine]], [[anticholinergic]] (deliriant), or a disassociative drug. Currently, certain universities and research firms are studying the medicinal effects of cannabis. Many jurisdictions have laws regulating the sale and use of [[medical cannabis]] to treat pain, insomnia, and stimulate appetite.

''[[Humulus lupulus]]'' http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humulus_lupulus

''[[Humulus japonicus]]''- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_hops

===''[[Caryophylloideae]]''===

|<center>[[Image:blank.jpg|100px]]</center>
<center></center>
| [[Image:Silene-capensis.jpg|150px]]
''[[Silene capensis]]''
|Produces vivid dreams after ingesting.

===''[[Celastraceae]]''===
| <center>[[Image:S-Cathinone.svg|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Cathinone]]</center>
| [[Image:Catha_edulis.jpg?|150px]]
''[[Catha edulis]]''
| [[Khat]]

===''[[Convolvulaceae]]''===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
|<center>[[Image:Ipomoea violacea.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Ipomoea tricolor]] & [[Ipomoea violacea]]'' || style="width:500px"| <center>D-[[lysergic acid amide]] and lysergic acid amides in the seeds; up to 0.12% total<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.giftpflanzen.com/ipomoea_violacea.html
|title=Trichterwinde (Ipomoea violacea) im GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium - www.giftpflanzen.com
|publisher=www.giftpflanzen.com
|accessdate=2008-04-18
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
</center>
|-
|<center>''[[Rivea corymbosa]]''</center> || Seeds contain D-lysergic acid amide, [[lysergol]], and [[turbicoryn]]; lysergic acid alkaloids up to 0.03%<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.giftpflanzen.com/rivea_corymbosa.html
|title=Ololiuqui (Rivea corymbosa) im GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium - www.giftpflanzen.com
|publisher=www.giftpflanzen.com
|accessdate=2008-04-18
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
|}
|<center>[[Image:Ergine.png|100px]]</center><center>[[Ergine]]</center>
| [[Image:Starr 050107-2974 Argyreia nervosa.jpg|150px]] ''[[Argyreia nervosa]] (Hawaiian Baby Woodrose)''
|Seeds contain high amounts of LSA (also known as d-lysergic acid amide, d-lysergamide, ergine, and LA-111), often 50-150X the amounts found in ''[[Ipomoea violacea]]''.

===''[[Euphorbiaceae]]''===
*''[[Alchornea floribunda]]'', [[Yohimbine]]

===''[[Fabaceae]]'' (Leguminosae)===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia acuminata]]''</center> || Up to 1.5% alkaloids, mainly consisting of [[tryptamine]] in leaf<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=15928
|title=Lycaeum > Leda > Acacia acuminata
|publisher=leda.lycaeum.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Alpina mueller.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia alpina]]'' || Active principles in leaf<ref name="shaman">[http://shaman-australis.com.au/shop/index.php?cPath=21_26_72 Shaman Australis]</ref></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia angustissima usgs.png|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia angustissima]]''</center> || ß-methyl-phenethylamine<ref name="dict">{{cite book
| last = Glasby
| first = John Stephen
| authorlink =
| title = Dictionary of Plants Containing Secondary Metabolites
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=te53VV5u8YMC&pg=RA1-PA2&ots=e5Swnj0FN9&dq=acacia+alkaloids&sig=ph1WfGlPnw5YMc3SReh2P5li2ls
| publisher = [[CRC Press]]
| series =
| year = 1991
| doi =
| isbn = 0850664233
| page = 2 }}</ref>, NMT and DMT in leaf (1.1-10.2 ppm)<ref>[http://www.cababstractsplus.org/google/abstract.asp?AcNo=20053115691 English Title: Nutritive value assessment of the tropical shrub legume Acacia angustissima: anti-nutritional compounds and in vitro digestibility.]
Personal Authors: McSweeney, C. S., Krause, D. O., Palmer, B., Gough, J., Conlan, L. L., Hegarty, M. P.
Author Affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Long Pocket Laboratories, 120 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia.
Document Title: Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005 (Vol. 121) (No. 1/2) 175-190</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-aroma.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia aroma]]''</center> || Tryptamine alkaloids.<ref>[http://www.maya-ethnobotanicals.com/product_info.phtml/herbid_340/category_ayahuasca Maya Ethnobotanicals]</ref> Significant amount of tryptamine in the seeds.<ref name="herbarium">[http://herbarium.0-700.pl/Akacje.html Acacia (Polish)]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Starr 031013-8001 Acacia auriculiformis.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia auriculiformis]]''</center> || 5-MeO-DMT in stem bark<ref>[http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=15931 Lycaeum]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia baileyana.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Cootamundra wattle|Acacia baileyana]]''
| 0.02% tryptamine and [[carboline|ß-carbolines]], in the leaf, Tetrahydro[[harman]]<ref name="shaman"/><ref name="seren">[http://www.serendipity.li/dmt/hoasca.html www.serendipity.com]</ref><ref name="chemotaxonomie" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia beauverdiana]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="bushfood">[http://www.bushfood.net/viewtopic.php?p=3443 www.bushfood.net]</ref> Ash used in [[Pituri]].<ref name="enth">[http://www.entheology.org/edoto/anmviewer.asp?a=47 Duboisia hopwoodii - Pituri Bush - Solanaceae - Central America]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-berlandieri-flowers4.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia berlandieri]]'' || DMT, [[amphetamines]], [[mescaline]], [[nicotine]]<ref>[http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/shulgin/adsarchive/acacia.htm Ask Dr. Shulgin Online: Acacias and Natural Amphetamine]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Koeh-003.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia catechu]]'' || DMT<ref name="sacred">[http://www.sacredelixirs.com/sacredelixirs-talks.htm Sacred Elixirs]</ref> and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acaciacaven29b.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia caven]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="enzyk">Index of Rätsch, Christian. Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen, Botanik, Ethnopharmakologie und Anwendungen, 7. Auflage. AT Verlag, 2004, 941 Seiten. ISBN 3855025703 at [http://www.deutschesfachbuch.de/info/detail.php?isbn=3855025703&part=4&word=] {{Languageicon|de|German}}</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia chundra]]''</center> || DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia colei]]''</center> || DMT<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/science/k2/stn/q&a/notes/051027-9.htm www.abc.net.au]</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia complanata]]''</center> || 0.3% alkaloids in leaf and stem, almost all N-methyl-tetrahydroharman, with traces of tetrahydroharman, some of tryptamine<ref>[http://users.lycaeum.org/~mulga/acacia/comphy.html Acacia Complanata Phytochemical Studies]</ref><ref>[http://users.lycaeum.org/~mulga/acacia/entheo.html Lycaeum -- Acacias and Entheogens]</ref><ref>[http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=15796 Lycaeum]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Starr 050107-2872 Acacia confusa.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia confusa]]'' </center> || DMT & NMT in leaf, stem & bark 0.04% NMT and 0.02% DMT in stem.<ref name="shaman"/> Also N,N-dimethyltryptamine [[N-oxide]]<ref>[http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/mrc.1959 NMR spectral assignments of a new chlorotryptamine alkaloid and its analogues from Acacia confusa]
Malcolm S. Buchanan, Anthony R. Carroll, David Pass, Ronald J. Quinn
Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry
Volume 45, Issue 4 , Pages359 - 361.
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</ref>
|-
|<center>[[Image:A-cornigera.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia cornigera]]''</center> || Psychoactive,<ref name="enzyk"/> Tryptamines<ref name="fachforum">[http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:XL1yXM2FygQJ:www.naturheilpraxis.de/exclusiv/nh-online/2005/nhp05/a_nh-ff02.html+%22Acacia+farnesiana%22+tryptamine+-wikipedia&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=10&gl=us Naturheilpraxis Fachforum (German)]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia cultriformis leaves.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia cultriformis]]''</center> || Tryptamine, in the leaf, stem<ref name="shaman" /> and seeds.<ref name="herbarium" /> Phenethylamine in leaf and seeds<ref name="herbarium" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia cuthbertsonii]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="bushfood" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-decurrens-catalina.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia decurrens]]''</center> || Psychoactive,<ref name="enzyk" /> but less than 0.02% alkaloids<ref name="chemotaxonomie">[http://books.google.com/books?id=YpnboQBbw7EC&pg=PA336&lpg=PA336&dq=acacia+tryptamine&source=web&ots=0u_bIQPwCN&sig=Q1e_NiyQSMsv0gNT0gMjOrgTseM Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen By Robert Hegnauer]</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia delibrata]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="bushfood" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia falcata]]''</center> || Psychoactive,<ref name="bushfood" /> but less than 0.02% alkaloids<ref name="chemotaxonomie" />
|-
|<center>[[Image:Acaciafarnesiana1web.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia farnesiana]]''</center> || Traces of 5-MeO-DMT<ref>[http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=15965 Lycaeum]</ref> in fruit. ß-methyl-phenethylamine, flower.<ref name="drduke2">[http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/plants.html Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases]</ref> Ether extracts about 2-6% of the dried leaf mass.<ref name="rirdc.gov.au">[http://www.rirdc.gov.au/reports/AFT/03-024.pdf Wattle Seed Workshop Proceedings 12 March 2002, Canberra March 2003 RIRDC Publication No 03/024, RIRDC Project No WS012-06]</ref> Alkaloids are present in the bark<ref>[http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/Publications/mp/pdf/a/aroma.pdf www.bpi.da.gov.ph]</ref> and leaves.<ref>[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Acacia_farnesiana.html Purdue University]</ref> Amphetamines and mescaline also found in tree.<ref name="fachforum" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia floribunda]]''</center> || Tryptamine, phenethylamine,<ref name="tax">{{cite book
| last = Hegnauer
| first = Robert
| authorlink =
| title = Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=9fDv1RYqIRkC&dq=chemotaxonomie+der+pflanzen&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=kkne5dmPiX&sig=iprrFOkR3ClREUcAyMORs0lGjdY#PPA290,M1
| publisher = Springer
| series =
| year = 1994
| doi =
| isbn = 3764329793
| page = 500 }}</ref> in flowers<ref name="herbarium" /> other tryptamines,<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=16001
|title=Lycaeum > Leda > Acacia floribunda
|publisher=leda.lycaeum.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia georginae]]''</center> || Psychoactive,<ref name="enzyk" /> plus deadly toxins
|-
|<center>[[Image:Acacia-horrida.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia horrida]]''</center></center> || Psychoactive<ref name="enzyk" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:A.Implexa.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia implexa]]''</center></center> || Psychoactive<ref name="magis">[http://wiki.magiskamolekyler.org/index.php?title=Lista_%c3%b6ver_hallucinogena_v%c3%a4xter,_svampar_och_djur wiki.magiskamolekyler.org (Swedish)]</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia jurema]]''</center> || DMT, NMT
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia karroo2.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Acacia karroo]]''</center> || Psychoactive
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia laeta]]''</center> || DMT, in the leaf<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-longifolia-branch.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia longifolia]]''</center> || 0.2% tryptamine in bark, leaves, some in flowers, phenylethylamine in flowers,<ref name="tax" /> 0.2% DMT in plant.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=15799
|title=Lycaeum > Leda > Acacia longifolia
|publisher=leda.lycaeum.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}</ref> Histamine alkaloids.<ref name="chemotaxonomie" />
|-
| <center>''Acacia longifolia''</center><center> var. ''sophorae''</center> || Tryptamine in leaves, bark<ref name="herbarium" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia macradenia]]''</center> || Tryptamine<ref name="herbarium" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia maidenii.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia maidenii]]''</center> || 0.6% NMT and DMT in about a 2:3 ratio in the stem bark, both present in leaves<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Starr 031013-8002 Acacia mangium.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia mangium]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="enzyk" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia melanoxylon branch.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia melanoxylon]]''</center> || DMT, in the bark and leaf,<ref>[http://extentech.sheetster.com/knowledgebase/wiki_search.jsp?search=acacia extentech.sheetster.com ]</ref> but less than 0.02% total alkaloids<ref name="chemotaxonomie" />
|-
|<center>[[Image:Acacia mellifera 3D-Modell.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia mellifera]]''</center> || DMT, in the leaf<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-nilotica.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia nilotica]]''</center> || DMT, in the leaf<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| [[Acacia nilotica subsp. adstringens|<center>''Acacia nilotica'' </center><center>subsp. ''adstringens''</center>]] || Psychoactive, DMT in the leaf
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia obtusifolia]]''</center> || Tryptamine, DMT, NMT, other tryptamines,<ref name="magis">[http://wiki.magiskamolekyler.org/Lista_över_hallucinogena_växter,_svampar_och_djur wiki.magiskamolekyler.org (Swedish)]</ref> 0.4-0.5% in dried bark, 0.07% in branch tips.<ref>[http://users.lycaeum.org/~mulga/acacia/obtuphy.html Acacia obtusifolia Phytochemical Studies]</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia oerfota]]''</center> || Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf,<ref name="seren" /><ref>[http://www.drogen-forum.com/wiki/index.php/DMT-haltige_Pflanzen Plants Containing DMT (German)]</ref> NMT
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia penninervis]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="bushfood" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia phlebophylla.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia phlebophylla]]''</center> || 0.3% DMT in leaf, NMT<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Starr 020911-0004 Acacia podalyriifolia.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia podalyriaefolia]]''</center> || Tryptamine in the leaf,<ref name="shaman" /> 0.5% to 2% DMT in fresh bark, phenethylamine, trace amounts<ref name="tax" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia polycantha.png|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia polyacantha]]''</center> || DMT in leaf<ref name="shaman" /> and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
|-
| <center>''Acacia polyacantha'' </center><center>ssp. ''campylacantha''</center> || Less than 0.2% DMT in leaf, NMT; DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hortipedia.org/de/index.php?title=Acacia_campylacantha
|title=Acacia campylacantha - Hortipedia
|publisher=www.hortipedia.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia rigidula.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Acacia rigidula]]''</center> || DMT, NMT, tryptamine, traces of amphetamines, mescaline, nicotine and others<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://wiki.magiskamolekyler.org/Acacia_rigidula
|title=Acacia rigidula - Magiska Molekylers Wiki
|publisher=wiki.magiskamolekyler.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia sassa]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="enzyk"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-schaffneri-seed-pods.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia schaffneri]]''</center> || ß-methyl-phenethylamine, [[Phenethylamine]]<ref name="chem">[http://uvalde.tamu.edu/pdf/chemtdaf.pdf Chemistry of Acacias from South Texas]</ref> Amphetamines and mescaline also found.<ref name="fachforum" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Koeh-004.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia senegal]]''</center> || Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf,<ref name="shaman" /> NMT, other tryptamines. DMT in plant,<ref name="drduke2" /> DMT in bark.<ref name="herbarium"/>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia seyal]]''</center> || DMT, in the leaf.<ref name="shaman" /> Ether extracts about 1-7% of the dried leaf mass.<ref name="rirdc.gov.au"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Img00522-A-sieberiana.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Acacia sieberiana]]''</center> || DMT, in the leaf<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia simplex.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia simplex]]''</center>
|| DMT and NMT, in the leaf, stem and trunk bark, 0.81% DMT in bark, MMT<ref name="shaman" /><ref>[http://www.factorey.ch/Eins.htm Arbeitsstelle für praktische Biologie (APB)]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Eat267.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia tortilis]]''</center> || DMT, NMT, and other tryptamines<ref name="magis" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia vestita.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia vestita]]''</center> || Tryptamine, in the leaf and stem,<ref name="shaman"/> but less than 0.02% total alkaloids<ref name="chemotaxonomie"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Acacia victoriae]]''</center> || Tryptamines, 5-MeO-alkyltryptamine<ref name="herbarium"/>
|}

*''[[Albizia inundata]]'' leaves contain DMT.<ref name="enzyk"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| <center>[[Image:Anadenanthera colubrina.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Anadenanthera colubrina]]''</center> ||
*[[Bufotenin]], Beans<ref name="uno">[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1965-01-01_2_page006.html?print=yes UNO]</ref><ref name="drduke">[http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=71 Dr. Duke's] Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases</ref>
*Bufotenin oxide, Beans<ref name="uno" />
*N,N-[[Dimethyltryptamine]], Beans,<ref name="uno"/><ref name="drduke"/> pods<ref name="uno"/>
*N,N-[[Dimethyltryptamine]] oxide, Beans<ref name="uno"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil]]''</center> || [[Bufotenin]] and [[Dimethyltryptamine]] have been isolated from the seeds and seed pods, [[5-MeO-DMT]] from the bark of the stems.<ref name="herbo">[http://www.herbotecnia.com.ar/aut-curupay.html Herbotechnica (Spanish)]</ref> The seeds were found to contain 12.4% bufotenine, 0.06% 5-MeO-DMT and 0.06% [[dimethyltryptamine|DMT]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.erowid.org/archive/sonoran_desert_toad/ott.htm
|title=Bufo alvarius - Jonathan Ott on Bufotenine
|publisher=www.erowid.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Anadenanthera peregrina.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Anadenanthera peregrina]]''</center> ||
*1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2,9-dimethyl-[[beta-carboline]], Plant<ref name="drduke">[http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=72 Dr. Duke's] Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases</ref>
*1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-beta-carboline, Plant<ref name="drduke" />
*[[5-MeO-DMT|5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine]], Bark<ref name="drduke" />
*5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine, Bark<ref name="drduke" />
*[[Bufotenin]], Plant,<ref name="drduke" /> beans<ref name="uno"/>
*[[Bufotenin]] [[N-oxide]], Fruit<ref name="drduke" />, beans<ref name="uno" />
*N,N-Dimethyltryptamine-oxide, Fruit<ref name="drduke" /><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Ec5hNgYWHtkC&pg=RA2-PA313&lpg=RA2-PA313&dq=%22dmt+n+oxide%22&source=web&ots=BqP13bWy2d&sig=YDxzS2LNTLuBTLU8F3bPdEX0oWY Psychedelics Encyclopedia By Peter G. Stafford, p. 313.]</ref>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina]]''</center> ||
[[Bufotenine]] is in the seeds.<ref name="pubmed">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11718320&dopt=Citation PubMed]</ref>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Fern1.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Desmanthus illinoensis]]''</center> || 0% - 0.34% DMT in root bark, highly variable.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/ayahuasca_apa/aya_sec3_part2_desmanthus.shtml Desmanthus (Ayahuasca: alkaloids, plants & analogs)]</ref> Also [[NMT]], N-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, 2-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, and [[gramine]] (toxic).<ref>
{{cite book
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bUV8C6iLFkEC&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=%22Mimosa+somnians%22&source=web&ots=5KzgBm6X_5&sig=Rh_GpZxz_cB0AX73SDgeIpkvl84&hl=en#PPA199,M1
|title=Google Book Search
|publisher=books.google.com
|accessdate=2008-05-08
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Desmanthus leptolobus drawing.jpeg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Desmanthus leptolobus]]''</center> || 0.14% DMT in root bark, more reliable than D. illinoensis<ref name=autogenerated1 />
|-
| <center>''[[Desmodium caudatum]]''<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?311307
|title=Desmodium caudatum information from NPGS/GRIN
|publisher=www.ars-grin.gov
|accessdate=2008-05-02
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref></center><center>(syn. ''Ohwia caudata'' )</center> || Roots: 0.087% DMT,<ref name="trout-desmodium">[http://trout.yage.net/sc/D2_2004_Trout.pdf Trout's Notes on Desmodium]</ref> Bufotenine-N-oxide 0.03%
|-
| <center>[[Image:Desmodium gangeticum.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Desmodium gangeticum]]''</center> || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT, whole plant, roots, stems, leaves<ref name="hoasca">{{cite web
|url=http://www.serendipity.li/dmt/hoasca.html
|title=Ayahuasca Analogues
|publisher=www.serendipity.li
|accessdate=2008-04-28
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Desmodium intortum]]''</center> || Bufotentine, DMT<ref>[http://www.crcsalinity.com/documents/key_publications/Pharma-neutra%20bull%20final.pdf Pharmaceutical-Neutraceutical Bulletin, Final]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Codariocalyx motorius Taub39.png|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Codariocalyx motorius]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Desmodium gyrans'')</center> || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT, leaves, roots<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| <center>''[[Desmodium racemosum]]''</center> || 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Starr 020803-0111 Desmodium triflorum.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Desmodium triflorum]]''</center> || 0.0004% DMT-N-oxide, roots,<ref name="trout-desmodium"/> less in stems<ref name="trout-desmodium"/> and trace in leaves.<ref name="trout-desmodium"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Lespedeza capitata habit.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Lespedeza capitata]]''</center> ||
|-
| <center>[[Image:Lespedeza ja02.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Lespedeza bicolor]]''</center> || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in leaves and roots<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica]]''</center> || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in leaves and root bark<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]]''</center> || Dried root: DMT 1.6%, NMT 0.0012% and hordenine 0.0065%<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a714019539~db=all
|title=Isolation and Identification of Putative Hallucinogenic Constituents from the Roots of Mimosa ophthalmocentra - Pharmaceutical Biology
|publisher=www.informaworld.com
|accessdate=2008-04-20
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Mimosa-scabrella.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Mimosa scabrella]]''</center> || Tryptamine, NMT, DMT and N-methyltetrahydrocarboline in bark<ref>
{{cite book
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bUV8C6iLFkEC&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=%22Mimosa+somnians%22&source=web&ots=5KzgBm6X_5&sig=Rh_GpZxz_cB0AX73SDgeIpkvl84&hl=en#PPA208,M1
|title=Google Book Search
|publisher=books.google.com
|accessdate=2008-05-07
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Mimosa somnians]]''</center> || Trytamines and MMT
|-
| <center>[[Image:Mimosa Hostilis.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Mimosa tenuiflora]]''</center><center>(syn. "Mimosa hostilis")</center> || 0.31-0.57% [[Dimethyltryptamine|DMT]] (dry root bark).<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/ask/ask.php?ID=75 Ask Erowid ID 75]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[File:Mimosa verrucosa01.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Mimosa verrucosa]]''</center> || DMT<ref name="unodc2">
{{cite web
| url = http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1969-01-01_4_page004.html
| title = UNODC Bulletin on Narcotics 1969
}}</ref> in root bark
|-
| <center>[[Image:Mucuna-pruriens-fruit.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Mucuna pruriens]]''</center> || "The leaves, seeds, stems and roots contain L-Dopa, Serotonin, 5-HTP, and Nicotine, as well as N,N-DMT, Bufotenine, and 5-MeO-DMT."<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/plants/mucuna_pruriens/ Erowid entry(2002)]</ref>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Petalostylis casseoides]]''</center> || 0.4-0.5% tryptamine, DMT, etc. in leaves and stems<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Petalostylis labicheoides var. casseoides]]''</center> || DMT in leaves and stems<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Phyllodium pulchellum]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Desmodium pulchellum'')</center> || 0.2% 5-MeO-DMT, small quantities of DMT<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/> DMT (dominates in seedlings and young plants), 5-MEO-DMT (dominates in mature plant), whole plant, roots, stems, leaves, flowers<ref name="hoasca"/>
|}

''[[Erythrina flabelliformis]]'', other ''[[Erythrina]]'' species, seeds contain the alkaloids [[Erysodin]] and [[Erysovin]]<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.giftpflanzen.com/erythrina_flabelliformis.html
|title=Kalifornischer Korallenstrauch (Erythrina decora) im GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium - www.giftpflanzen.com
|publisher=www.giftpflanzen.com
|accessdate=2008-04-18
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>

| <center>[[Image:blank.jpg|100px]]</center>
<center>Unknown</center>
| [[Image:blank.jpg|100px]]
''[[Zornia latifolia]]''
| Zornia latifolia, is mentioned in Food of the Gods as "an hallucinogenic substitute for cannabis". It's nicknamed Maconha brava because locals use it as a cannabis substitute.
|-

====''[[Caesalpinioideae]]'' subfamily of Fabacaeae====
*''[http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/texhtml.cgi?form=speciesfacts&genus=Petalostylis&species=cassioides Petalostylis cassioides]'': 0.4-0.5% tryptamine, DMT, etc. in leaves and stems<ref name="bluezoo">[http://bluezoo.org/tryptamines/plants.html Bluezoo Tryptamines]</ref>
*''[http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/texhtml.cgi?form=speciesfacts&genus=Petalostylis&species=labicheoides Petalostylis labicheoides]'', Tryptamines in leaves and stems, MAO's up to 0.5%<ref name="dmt-nexus">[http://www.dmt-nexus.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=26 Plants Containing DMT]</ref>

===''[[Fumariaceae]]''===
| <center>[[Image:Bulbocapnine skeletal.svg|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Bulbocapnine]]</center>
| [[Image:Corydalis ambigua.jpg|150px]]
''[[Corydalis solida]], [[Corydalis cava]]''
| [[Bulbocapnine]], [[Nantenine]], [[Tetrahydropalmatine]]

===''[[Lamiaceae]]''===
| <center>[[Image:Lagochilin.png|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Lagochilin]]</center>
| [[Image:blank.jpg|150px]]
''[[Lagochilus inebrians]]''
| [[Lagochilin]] is thought to be responsible for the sedative, hypotensive and hemostatic effects of this plant.

|<center>[[Image:Leonurine.png|175px]]</center>
<center>[[Leonurine]]</center>
| [[Image:Leonotis leonurus flower.jpg|150px]]
''[[Leonotis leonurus]]''
|Both leaves and flowers (where most concentrated) contain [[Leonurine]]. (Effects reminiscent of marijuana)

| [[Image:Salvia divinorum - Herba de Maria.jpg|150px]]
''[[Salvia divinorum]]''
| Salvinorin A, 0.89-3.87 mg/g, also Salvinorin B and Salvinorin C<ref>[http://www.sagewisdom.org/clones.html Clones of Salvia divinorum]</ref>
|-

===''[[Lauraceae]]''===
*''[[Nectandra megapotamica]]'', NMT<ref name="dmt-nexus">[http://www.dmt-nexus.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?p=1828&sid=907c4141f55f0ecd5275b5ae22893feb Plants Containing DMT List]</ref>

===''[[Lythraceae]]''===
*''[[Heimia salicifolia]]'', auditory<ref name="sunicuichi faq">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/sinicuichi/sinicuichi_faq.shtml Sinicuichi FAQ]</ref>

===''[[Magnoliaceae]]''===
[[Image:Sweetbay Magnolia Magnolia virginiana Comparison 4400px.jpg|150px]]
''[[Magnolia virginiana]]''The leaves or bark have been placed in cupped hands over the nose and inhaled as a mild hallucinogen

===''[[Malpighiaceae]]''===
*''[[Banisteriopsis caapi]]'': Ayahuasca
*''[[Diplopterys cabrerana]]'': DMT 0.17-1.74%, average of 0.47% DMT<ref>[http://www.psychonaut.com/index.php?Itemid=11&option=com_forum&page=viewtopic&t=25189&lang=nl DMT Plants List]</ref>

===''[[Myristicaceae]]''===
*''[[Horsfieldia superba]]'': 5-MeO-DMT<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/> and beta-carbolines<ref name="bluezoo"/>
*''[[Iryanthera macrophylla]]'': 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/>
*''[[Iryanthera ulei]]'': 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref name="hoasca"/>
*''[[Osteophloem platyspermum]]'': DMT, 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref name="hoasca"/>

====''[[Virola]]'' genus====
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| ''[[Virola calophylla]]'' || Leaves 0.149% DMT, leaves 0.006% MMT<ref name="hoasca"/> 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=1065
|title=Species Information
|publisher=sun.ars-grin.gov
|accessdate=2008-04-11
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| ''[[Virola callophylloidea]]'' || DMT
|-
| ''[[Virola carinata]]'' || DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola cuspidata]]'' || DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola divergens]]'' || DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Virola-theiodora-1860.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Virola elongata]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Virola theiodora'')</center> || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark, roots, leaves and flowers<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola melinonii]]'' || DMT in bark<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola multinervia]]'' || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark and roots<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola pavonis]]'' || DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola peruviana]]'' || 5-MEO-DMT, traces of DMT and 5-MeO-tryptamine in bark<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola rufula]]'' || Alkaloids in bark and root, 95% of which is MeO-DMT<ref name="tryptamines.com">[http://www.tryptamines.com/ www.tryptamines.com]</ref> 0.190% 5-MeO-DMT in bark,<ref name="hoasca"/> 0.135% 5-MeO-DMT in root, 0.092% DMT in leaves.<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola sebifera]]'' || The bark contains 0.065% to 0.25% alkaloids, most of which are DMT and 5-MeO-DMT.<ref name="emea">[http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/vet/mrls/060499en.pdf COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS VIROLA SEBIFERA SUMMARY REPORT]</ref>
|-
| ''[[Virola surinamensis]]'' || DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/> in bark<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola venosa]]'' || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in roots, leaves<ref name="hoasca"/> DMT
|}

===''[[Nitrariaceae]]''===
</li><li style="clear:both">''[[Peganum harmala]]'', (Syrian Rue), The seeds contain about 2-6% alkaloids, most of which is [[harmaline]].<ref>[http://www.amazing-nature.com/-i-43.html www.amazing-nature.com]</ref> Peganum harmala is also an [[abortifacient]].<br>[[Image:Peganum harmala1.jpg|thumb|left|80px]]

===''[[Nymphaeaceae]]''===
| [[Image:Nymphaea caerulea.jpg|150px]]
''[[Nymphaea caerulea]]''
|Recent studies have shown ''Nymphaea caerulea'' to have psychedelic properties, and may have been used as a sacrament in ancient Egypt and certain ancient South American cultures. Dosages of 5 to 10 grams of the flowers induces slight stimulation, a shift in thought processes, enhanced visual perception, and mild closed-eye visuals. ''Nymphaea caerulea'' is related to, and possesses similar activity as ''[[Nelumbo nucifera]]'', the Sacred Lotus. Both Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera contain the alkaloids [[nuciferine]] and [[apomorphine]], which have been recently isolated by independent labs.{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}}

These psychoactive effects make ''Nymphaea caerulea'' a likely candidate (among several) for the lotus plant eaten by the mythical [[Lotophagi]] in [[Homer]]'s [[Odyssey]].

Used in [[aromatherapy]], ''Nymphaea caerulea'' is purported to have a "divine" essence, bringing euphoria, heightened awareness and tranquility.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

Other sources cite anti-spasmodic and sedative, purifying and calming properties.
|<center>[[Image:Aporphine.svg|100px]]</center>
<center>[[Aporphine]]</center>

===''[[Ochnaceae]]''===
*''[[Testulea gabonensis]]'': 0.2% 5-MeO-DMT, small quantities of DMT,<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/> DMT in bark and root bark<ref name="hoasca"/>, NMT

===''[[Ochnaceae]]''===
Genus ''[[Pandanus]]'' (Screw Pine): DMT in nuts<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/>

===''[[Papaveraceae]]''===

The most famous member of this family is the [[Opium poppy]].

| <center>[[Image:blank.jpg|100px]]</center>
<center></center>
| [[Image:Stachelmohn.JPG|100px]]
''[[Argemone mexicana]]''
| Used by Chinese residents of Mexico during the early 20th century as a legal substitute for opium and currently smoked as a marijuana substitute.

| <center>[[Image:Glaucine.png|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Glaucine]]</center>
| [[Image:Glaucium flavum03.jpg|150px]]
''[[Glaucium flavum]]''
| [[Glaucine]]

===''[[Passifloraceae]]''===
</li><li style="clear:both">''[[Passiflora caerulea]]'', Harman<br>[[Image:PassifloraCaerulea Bluete von oben.jpg|thumb|left|80px]]
</li><li style="clear:both">''[[Passiflora incarnata]]'' contains Harmine, Harmaline, Harman, etc. 0.03%.<ref name="drugs.com">[http://www.drugs.com/npp/passion-flower.html www.drugs.com]</ref>

===''[[Piperaceae]]''===

| <center>[[Image:Kavalactone General Structure.PNG|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Kavalactones]]</center>
| [[Image:Starr 040318-0058 Piper methysticum.jpg|150px]]
''[[Piper methysticum]]''
| [[Kavalactones]]

===''[[Poaceae]]'' (Gramineae)===

Some Graminae (grass) species contain [[gramine]], which can cause brain damage, other organ damage, [[central nervous system]] damage and death in sheep.<ref>
{{cite book
|url=http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&id=eASgQyXq8xMC&oi=fnd&pg=PA169&dq=%22mimosa+hostilis%22+dimethyltryptamine&ots=pe6oz-oODM&sig=D6kaAQYmEqSOkJ4kkztPcm2K10I#PPA171,M1
|title=Toxicants of Plant Origin - Google Book Search
|publisher=books.google.com
|accessdate=2008-04-20
|last=
|first=
}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| '''Species''' || <center>'''Alkaloids (Dried)'''</center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Arundo.donax1web.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Arundo donax]]''</center> || <center>0.0057% DMT in dried rhizome, no stem, 0.026% bufotenine, 0.0023% 5-MeO-MMT<ref name="erowid1">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/arundo_donax/arundo_donax_info1.shtml Erowid Arundo Donax Info Page 1]</ref></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Phalaris aquatica.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Phalaris aquatica]]''</center> || <center>0.0007-0.18% Total alkaloids,<ref name="lycaeum" /> 0.100% DMT,<ref name="erowid">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/phalaris/phalaris_faq.shtml Erowid Phalaris FAQ]</ref> 0.022% 5-MeO-DMT,<ref name="erowid" /> 0.005% 5-OH-DMT<ref name="erowid" /></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Rietgras bloeiwijze Phalaris arundinacea.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Phalaris arundinacea]]''</center> || <center>0.0004-0.121% Total alkaloids<ref name="lycaeum">[http://nepenthes.lycaeum.org/Plants/Phalaris/DMTLU.html Lycaeum]</ref></center>
|-
| <center>''[[Phalaris brachystachys]]'' </center>|| <center>Aerial parts up to 3% total alkaloids, DMT present{{Citation needed|date=September 2007}}</center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Phragmites australis Schilfrohr.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Phragmites australis]]''</center> || <center>DMT in roots<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|}
None of the above alkaloids are said to have been found in ''[[Phalaris californica]]'', ''[[Phalaris canariensis]]'', ''[[Phalaris minor]]'' and hybrids of ''P. arundinacea'' together with ''P. aquatica''.<ref name="lycaeum" />

===''[[Polygonaceae]]''===
*''[[Erigonum]]'' sp.: DMT<ref name="hoasca"/>

===''[[Punicaceae]]''===
*''[[Punica granatum]]'' "DMT in root cortex;"<ref name="dmt-nexus"/> The dried stem and root bark of the tree contain about 0.4-0.9% alkaloids.<ref>[http://www.herbdatanz.com/pomeganate.htm Pomegranate (Herbdata New Zealand)]</ref>

===''[[Rubiaceae]]''===

''[[Mitragyna speciosa]]'' also known as "Kratom" is a plant which leaf is used for it's opiod effect.[[Image:Kratomtree.jpg?|150px]]
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| <center>'''Species'''</center> || <center>'''Alkaloids (Dried)'''</center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria carthagenensis]]''</center> ||<center>0.2% average DMT in dried leaves<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria expansa]]''</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria forsteriana]]''</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria insularum]]''</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Psychotria poeppigiana.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Psychotria poeppigiana]]'' [http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Psychotria+poeppigiana]</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria rostrata]]''</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria rufipilis]]''</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Psychotria viridis.gif|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Psychotria viridis]]''</center> || <center>DMT 0.1-0.61% dried mass.<ref>[http://www.amazing-nature.com/-i-36.html?osCsid=38ad41e62a454589a0afd2d17ae0fa40 Amazing Nature]</ref></center>
|}

===''[[Rutaceae]]''===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| <center>'''Species'''</center> || <center>'''Alkaloids (Dried)'''</center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Dictyoloma incanescens.png|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Dictyoloma incanescens]]''</center>||<center>5-MeO-DMT in leaves,<ref name="hoasca"/><ref name="tryptamines.com"/> 0.04% 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref name="tryptamine-faq">[http://www.erowid.org/psychoactives/faqs/faqs_tryptamine.shtml Erowid Tryptamine FAQ]</ref> </center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Dutaillyea drupacea]]''</center>||<center> > 0.4 % 5-MeO-DMT in leaves<ref name="magis"/><ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Dutaillyea oreophila]]''</center>||<center> 5-MeO-DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Rutaceae sp SZ21.png|250px]]</center><center>''[[Tetradium ruticarpum]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Evodia rutaecarpa'')</center>||<center> 5-MeO-DMT in leaves,<ref name="hoasca"/> fruit and roots</center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Limonia acidissima syn Limonia elephantum or Fernonia limonia (wood-apple) in Talakona forest, AP W IMG 8334.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Limonia acidissima]]''</center>||<center> 5-MeO-DMT in stems<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Euodia leptococca]]'' (formerly ''Melicope'')</center>||<center> 0.2% total alkaloids, 0.07% 5-MeO-DMT; 5-MeO-DMT in leaves and stems,<ref name="hoasca"/> also "5-MeO-DMT-Oxide and a beta-carboline"<ref name="bluezoo"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Pilocarpus organensis]]''</center>||<center> 5-MeO-DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Vepris ampody]]''</center>||<center> Up to 0.2% DMT in leaves and branches<ref name="hoasca"/><ref name="tryptamine-faq"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]''</center>||<center>DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Zanthoxylum procerum]]''</center>||<center>DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|}

===''[[Turneraceae]]''===

| <center>[[Image:blank.jpg|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Damianin]]</center>
| [[Image:Tunera diffusa 2.jpg|150px]]
''[[Turnera diffusa]]''
| [[Damianin]]

===''[[Urticaceae]]''===
*''[[Urtica pilulifera]]'': Bufotenin<ref name="dmt-nexus"/>

==See also==
*[[Aztec entheogenic complex]]
*[[Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record]]
*[[List of Entheogens]]
*[[List of poisonous plants]]
*[[List of plants containing beta-carbolines]]
*[[List of plants used for smoking]]
*[[Louisiana State Act 159]]
*[[Psilocybin mushrooms]]
*[[Psychoactive animals]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.salviadivinorumblog.com The Salvia Divinorum Blog Research And Information]
* [http://forum.salviadivinorumblog.com The Salvia Divinorum Mass Distribution Project]
*[http://users.lycaeum.org/~iamklaus/botany.htm# Descriptions of psychoactive Cacti. Lycaeum Visionary Cactus Guide]
* [http://drugreviews.info "Herbal Highs - Legal Buds Reviews"] Components of street drug alternatives sold and used legally.
*[http://www.erowid.org/psychoactives/faqs/faqs_tryptamine.shtml Erowid Tryptamine FAQ -- More Plants Containing Tryptamines]
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=te53VV5u8YMC&pg=RA1-PA124&lpg=RA1-PA124&dq=erythrina+alkaloids&source=web&ots=e5SBqn4GS7&sig=JdEQoIKcYwAM7N_cTUtCQNhl6Hc John Stephen Glasby, Dictionary of Plants Containing Secondary Metabolites, Published by CRC Press]
*[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/golden_guide/g91-100.shtml Golden Guide to Hallucinogenic Plants]
*[http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/158/3/481 Hallucinogens on the Internet: A Vast New Source of Underground Drug Information John H. Halpern, M.D. and Harrison G. Pope, Jr., M.D.]
*[http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/uploads/approved/adt-QGU20070710.160928/public/02Whole.pdf Peter L. Katavic, Chemical Investigations of the Alkaloids From the Plants Of The Family [[Elaeocarpaceae]]], School of Science/Natural Product Discovery (NPD), Faculty of Science, Griffith University
*[http://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/shulgin.pea.sar.hop.html Alexander T. Shulgin, Psychotomimetic Drugs: Structure-Activity Relationships]
*[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1969-01-01_4_page004.html UNODC The plant kingdom and hallucinogens (part II)]
*[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/bulletin/bulletin_1970-01-01_1_page005.html?print=yes UNODC The plant kingdom and hallucinogens (part III)]
*[http://www.bio.uu.nl/~herba/Guyana/VTGG/Myristicaceae/Virola/index.html Virola -- Dried Herbarium Specimens]
*[http://images.nbii.gov/search_results.php Virola Species Pictures -- USGS]
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=DEIL ''Desmanthus illinoensis'' -- USDA]
*[http://www.ayahuasca-info.com/ A General Introduction to Ayahuasca]
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=iEVeFOLc_FUC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=%22Prestonia+amazonica%22&source=web&ots=WWANl44f-H&sig=7EuWEQsMW3yVHi56Ks0BfjJhf44&hl=en#PPA92,M1 Psychedelic Reader (Google Books)]

[[Category:Poisonous plants]]
[[Category:Entheogens]]
[[Category:Herbal and fungal hallucinogens]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]

~Teo~

DMT-Nexus Wiki - User contributions [en]

List of psychoactive plants